I-scanning electron microscope yasetshenziswa ukubona ukwaphuka kokukhathala nokuhlaziya indlela yokuqhekeka; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlolwa kokukhathala kokugoba kwe-spin bending kwenziwa kumasampula akhishwe i-carburing emazingeni okushisa ahlukene ukuze kuqhathaniswe impilo yokukhathala yensimbi yokuhlola kanye nokukhishwa kwe-carburing, kanye nokuhlaziya umphumela wokukhishwa kwe-carburing ekusebenzeni kokukhathala kwensimbi yokuhlola. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi, ngenxa yokuba khona ngasikhathi sinye kwe-oxidation kanye nokususwa kwe-carburing enkambisweni yokushisa, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalokhu okubili, okuholela ekujiyeni kwesendlalelo esikhishwe i-carburing ngokugcwele kanye nokukhula kwezinga lokushisa kukhombisa ukuthambekela kokwanda bese kwehla, ukujiya kwesendlalelo esikhishwe i-carburing ngokugcwele kufinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu elingu-120 μm ku-750 ℃, kanti ukujiya kwesendlalelo esikhishwe i-carburing ngokugcwele kufinyelela inani eliphansi kakhulu elingu-20 μm ku-850 ℃, kanti umkhawulo wokukhathala wensimbi yokuhlola cishe u-760 MPa, futhi umthombo wokuqhekeka kokukhathala ensimbini yokuhlola ikakhulukazi yi-Al2O3 non-metallic inclusions; Ukuziphatha kokususa i-carburization kunciphisa kakhulu impilo yokukhathala kwensimbi yokuhlola, okuthinta ukusebenza kokukhathala kwensimbi yokuhlola, lapho ungqimba lokususa i-carburization lujiyile, kunciphisa impilo yokukhathala. Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wengqimba lokususa i-carburization ekusebenzeni kokukhathala kwensimbi yokuhlola, izinga lokushisa elifanele lokwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi yokuhlola kufanele libekwe ku-850℃.
Imishini iyisici esibalulekile semotoNgenxa yokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, ingxenye ye-meshing yegiya kumele ibe namandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka, kanti impande yamazinyo kumele ibe nokusebenza kahle kokukhathala kokugoba ngenxa yomthwalo ophindaphindwayo njalo, ukuze kugwenywe imifantu eholela ekuqhekekeni kwezinto. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwekhabhoni kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ukusebenza kokukhathala kokugoba kokujika kwezinto zensimbi, futhi ukusebenza kokukhathala kokugoba kokujika kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukutadisha ukuziphatha kokuhlukaniswa kwekhabhoni kanye nokusebenza kokukhathala kokugoba kokujika kwezinto zokuhlola.
Kuleli phepha, isithando sokushisa esivivinyweni sokususa i-carburization sensimbi yegiya engu-20CrMnTi, sihlaziya amazinga okushisa ahlukene ekujuleni kwengqimba yokususa i-carburization yensimbi yokuhlola yomthetho oshintshayo; sisebenzisa umshini wokuhlola ukukhathala we-QBWP-6000J olula womqamelo esivivinyweni sokukhathala sokugoba kwensimbi yokuhlola, ukunqunywa kokusebenza kokukhathala kwensimbi yokuhlola, kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlaziya umthelela wokususa i-carburization ekusebenzeni kokukhathala kwensimbi yokuhlola ekukhiqizweni kwangempela ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo nokunikeza ireferensi efanelekile. Ukusebenza kokukhathala kwensimbi yokuhlola kunqunywa umshini wokuhlola ukukhathala we-spin bending.
1. Izinto zokuhlola nezindlela
Izinto zokuhlola zeyunithi yokuhlinzeka ngensimbi yegiya engu-20CrMnTi, ukwakheka okuyinhloko kwamakhemikhali njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 1. Ukuhlolwa kokususa i-carburization: izinto zokuhlola zicutshungulwa zibe yisampula engu-Ф8 mm × 12 mm eyindilinga, ubuso kufanele bukhanye ngaphandle kwamabala. Isithando sokushisa sishiswa ku-675 ℃, 700 ℃, 725 ℃, 750 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃, 1,000 ℃, kusampula bese sibamba ihora eli-1, bese sipholiswa emoyeni ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kwesampula ngokubeka, ukugaya nokupholisha, kanye nokuguguleka kwesisombululo se-nitric acid alcohol esingu-4%, ukusetshenziswa kwe-metallurgical microscopy ukubona ungqimba lokususa i-carburization lwensimbi yokuhlola, kulinganiswa ukujula kongqimba lokususa i-carburization emazingeni okushisa ahlukene. Ukuhlolwa kokukhathala kokugoba kwe-spin: izinto zokuhlola ngokwezidingo zokucutshungulwa kwamaqembu amabili ezibonelo zokukhathala kokugoba kwe-spin, iqembu lokuqala alikwenzi ukuhlolwa kokugoba kwe-carburization, iqembu lesibili lokuhlolwa kokugoba kwe-carburization emazingeni okushisa ahlukene. Kusetshenziswa umshini wokuhlola ukukhathala wokugoba we-spin, amaqembu amabili ensimbi yokuhlola yokuhlola ukukhathala kokugoba kwe-spin, ukunqunywa komkhawulo wokukhathala wamaqembu amabili ensimbi yokuhlola, ukuqhathanisa impilo yokukhathala yamaqembu amabili ensimbi yokuhlola, ukusetshenziswa kokuskena i-electron microscope ukuphuka kokukhathala, ukuhlaziya izizathu zokuphuka kwesampula, ukuhlola umphumela wokugoba kwezakhiwo zokukhathala zensimbi yokuhlola.
Ithebula 1 Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (ingxenye yesisindo) yensimbi yokuhlola wt%
Umphumela wokushisa okushisa ekususeni i-carburization
Ukwakheka kwenhlangano yokususa i-carburization ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene kuboniswe ku-Fig. 1. Njengoba kungabonakala esithombeni, lapho izinga lokushisa lingu-675 ℃, ubuso besampula abubonakali buyingqimba yokususa i-carburization; lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lifika ku-700 ℃, ungqimba lokususa i-carburization ebusweni besampula lwaqala ukuvela, lwengqimba yokususa i-ferrite encane; lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lifika ku-725 ℃, ubukhulu bengqimba yokususa i-carburization ebusweni besampula banda kakhulu; ubukhulu bengqimba yokususa i-carburization obungu-750 ℃ bufinyelela inani labo eliphezulu, ngalesi sikhathi, okusanhlamvu kwe-ferrite kucacile kakhulu, kuqinile; lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lifika ku-800 ℃, ubukhulu bengqimba yokususa i-carburization baqala ukwehla kakhulu, ubukhulu balo behla baba yingxenye ye-750 ℃; lapho izinga lokushisa liqhubeka likhuphuka lifika ku-850 ℃ futhi ubukhulu bokususa i-carburization buboniswe ku-Fig. 1. 800 ℃, ubukhulu bengqimba yokususa i-carburization buqala ukwehla kakhulu, ubukhulu balo behla baba ngu-750 ℃ lapho ingxenye; lapho izinga lokushisa liqhubeka likhuphukela ku-850 ℃ nangaphezulu, ubukhulu besendlalelo se-decarburization esigcwele sensimbi yokuhlola buyaqhubeka nokwehla, ubukhulu besendlalelo se-decarburization esigcwele buqale ukwanda kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho isimo sesendlalelo se-decarburization esigcwele sinyamalala, isimo sesendlalelo se-decarburization esigcwele siphela kancane kancane. Kungabonakala ukuthi ubukhulu besendlalelo se-decarburization esigcwele ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa buqale banda bese buncishiswa, isizathu salesi simo sibangelwa isampula enqubweni yokushisa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuziphatha kwe-oxidation kanye ne-decarburization, kuphela lapho izinga le-decarburization lishesha kunejubane le-oxidation kuzovela isimo se-decarburization. Ekuqaleni kokushisa, ubukhulu besendlalelo se-decarburization esigcwele buyanda kancane kancane ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuze kube yilapho ubukhulu besendlalelo se-decarburization esigcwele bufinyelela inani eliphezulu, ngalesi sikhathi ukuze kuqhubeke nokuphakamisa izinga lokushisa, izinga le-oxidation lesampula lishesha kunezinga le-decarburization, okuvimbela ukwanda kwesendlalelo se-decarburization esigcwele, okuholela ekwehleni. Kungabonakala ukuthi, ngaphakathi kobubanzi obungu-675 ～950 ℃, inani lobukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele ku-750 ℃ likhulu kunawo wonke, futhi inani lobukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele ku-850 ℃ lincane kunawo wonke, ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lokushisa lensimbi yokuhlola linconywa ukuthi libe ngu-850 ℃.
Isibalo 1 I-Histomorphology yesendlalelo esikhishwe ikhabhoni sensimbi yokuhlola esibanjwe emazingeni okushisa ahlukene ihora eli-1
Uma kuqhathaniswa nesendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele, ubukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele bunomthelela omubi kakhulu ezimpahleni zezinto, kuzonciphisa kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini zezinto, njengokunciphisa amandla, ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nomkhawulo wokukhathala, njll., futhi kwandise ukuzwela emifantwini, okuthinta ikhwalithi yokushisela njalo njalo. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula ubukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Isibalo 2 sibonisa ijika lokuguquguquka kobukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele ngokushisa, okubonisa ukushintshashintsha kobukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele ngokusobala. Kungabonakala esithombeni ukuthi ubukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele bungama-34μm kuphela ku-700℃; njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lifike ku-725 ℃, ubukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele buyanda kakhulu bufike ku-86 μm, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kobukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele ku-700 ℃; lapho izinga lokushisa liphakanyiswa lifike ku-750 ℃, ubukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele ku-750 ℃ Lapho izinga lokushisa lenyuka lifika ku-750 ℃, ubukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele ku-120 μm; njengoba izinga lokushisa liqhubeka likhuphuka, ubukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele ku-120 μm buqala ukwehla kakhulu, bufike ku-70 μm ku-800℃, bese bufika enanini elincane elingaba ngu-20 μm ku-850℃.
Umfanekiso 2 Ubukhulu besendlalelo esikhishwe ngokuphelele kumazinga okushisa ahlukene
Umphumela wokususa i-carburization ekusebenzeni kokukhathala ekugobeni kwe-spin
Ukuze kufundwe umphumela wokususwa kwekhabhoni ezimpahleni zokukhathala zensimbi yasentwasahlobo, kwenziwa amaqembu amabili okuhlolwa kokukhathala okugobayo, iqembu lokuqala lalihlolwa ngqo ngaphandle kokususwa kwekhabhoni, kanti iqembu lesibili lalihlolwa ukukhathala ngemva kokususwa kwekhabhoni ezingeni elifanayo lokucindezeleka (810 MPa), kanti inqubo yokususwa kwekhabhoni yabanjwa ku-700-850 ℃ ihora eli-1. Iqembu lokuqala lamasampula liboniswe kuThebula 2, okuyimpilo yokukhathala yensimbi yasentwasahlobo.
Impilo yokukhathala yeqembu lokuqala lamasampula iboniswe kuThebula 2. Njengoba kungabonakala kuThebula 2, ngaphandle kokususwa kwekhabhoni, insimbi yokuhlola yafakwa kuphela emijikelezweni engu-107 ku-810 MPa, futhi akukho ukuphuka okwenzekayo; lapho izinga lokucindezeleka lidlula i-830 MPa, amanye amasampula aqala ukuphuka; lapho izinga lokucindezeleka lidlula i-850 MPa, amasampula okukhathala aphuka wonke.
Ithebula 2 Impilo yokukhathala ngaphansi kwamazinga ahlukene okucindezeleka (ngaphandle kokususwa kwekhabhoni)
Ukuze kutholakale umkhawulo wokukhathala, indlela yeqembu isetshenziselwa ukunquma umkhawulo wokukhathala wensimbi yokuhlola, futhi ngemva kokuhlaziywa kwedatha ngezibalo, umkhawulo wokukhathala wensimbi yokuhlola ungaba ngu-760 MPa; ukuze kuchazwe impilo yokukhathala yensimbi yokuhlola ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okuhlukene, ijika le-SN liyadwetshwa, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Njengoba kungabonakala kuMfanekiso 3, amazinga ahlukene okucindezeleka ahambisana nokuphila okuhlukene kokukhathala, lapho impilo yokukhathala engu-7, ihambisana nenani lemijikelezo engu-107, okusho ukuthi isampula ngaphansi kwalezi zimo idlula esimweni, inani lokucindezeleka elihambisanayo lingalinganiswa njengenani lamandla okukhathala, okungukuthi, i-760 MPa. Kungabonakala ukuthi ijika le-S-N libalulekile ekunqumeni impilo yokukhathala kwezinto linenani elibalulekile lokubhekisela.
Isibalo 3 se-SN curve sokuhlolwa kokukhathala kokugoba kwensimbi okujikelezayo okulingayo
Impilo yokukhathala yeqembu lesibili lamasampula iboniswe kuThebula 3. Njengoba kungabonakala kuThebula 3, ngemva kokuba insimbi yokuhlola isusiwe i-carburing emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, inani lemijikelezo liyancishiswa ngokusobala, futhi lingaphezu kuka-107, futhi wonke amasampula okukhathala ayaphuka, futhi impilo yokukhathala incishiswa kakhulu. Uma kuhlanganiswa nobukhulu besendlalelo esisusiwe i-carburing obungenhla kanye nejika lokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungabonakala, ubukhulu besendlalelo esisusiwe i-carburing obungu-750 ℃ bukhulu kakhulu, obuhambisana nenani eliphansi kakhulu lempilo yokukhathala. Ubukhulu besendlalelo esisusiwe i-carburing obungu-850 ℃ buncane kakhulu, obuhambisana nenani lempilo yokukhathala liphezulu kakhulu. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuziphatha kokususiwe i-carburing kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokukhathala kwezinto, futhi uma isendlalelo esisusiwe isikhulu, impilo yokukhathala iyancipha.
Ithebula 3 Ukuphila kokukhathala emazingeni okushisa ahlukene okususa i-carb (560 MPa)
Ukwakheka kokwaphuka kokukhathala kwesampula kwabonwa ngokuskena i-electron microscope, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 4. Umfanekiso 4(a) wendawo yomthombo wokwaphuka, isithombe singabonakala i-arc yokukhathala esobala, ngokusho kwe-arc yokukhathala ukuthola umthombo wokukhathala, singabonakala, umthombo wokwaphuka we-"fish-eye" okungeyona insimbi, ukufakwa ekugxilweni okulula ukubangela ukucindezeleka, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kokukhathala; Umfanekiso 4(b) wokwakheka kwendawo yokwandiswa kokwaphuka, kungabonakala imivimbo yokukhathala esobala, ukusatshalaliswa okufana nomfula, kungokwakwaphuka okungahlukanisiwe, kanye nokuqhekeka okwandayo, ekugcineni kuholele ekuqhekekeni. Umfanekiso 4(b) ukhombisa ukwakheka kwendawo yokwanda kokwaphuka, imivimbo yokukhathala esobala ingabonakala, ngesimo sokwahlukaniswa okufana nomfula, okungokwakwaphuka okungahlukanisiwe, kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemivimbo, ekugcineni kuholele ekuqhekekeni.
Ukuhlaziywa kokuphuka kokukhathala
Isithombe 4 Isimo se-SEM sobuso bokuphuka kokukhathala kwensimbi yokuhlola
Ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwezinto ezifakiwe ku-Fig. 4, kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwe-energy spectrum, futhi imiphumela iboniswe ku-Fig. 5. Kungabonakala ukuthi izinto ezingezona ezensimbi ikakhulukazi izinto ezifakiwe ze-Al2O3, okubonisa ukuthi izinto ezifakiwe ziwumthombo oyinhloko wemifantu ebangelwa ukuqhekeka kwezinto ezifakiwe.
Umfanekiso 5 I-Energy Spectroscopy Yokufakwa Okungeyona Insimbi
Phetha
(1) Ukubeka izinga lokushisa lokushisa ku-850 ℃ kuzonciphisa ukujiya kwesendlalelo esikhishwe i-carburetor ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela ekusebenzeni kokukhathala.
(2) Umkhawulo wokukhathala kokugoba kwensimbi yokuhlola kungu-760 MPa.
(3) Ukuhlola ukuqhekeka kwensimbi ezintweni ezingezona ezensimbi, ikakhulukazi ingxube ye-Al2O3.
(4) ukususwa kwekhabhoni kunciphisa kakhulu impilo yokukhathala kwensimbi yokuhlola, lapho ungqimba lokususwa kwekhabhoni lujiyile, impilo yokukhathala iyancipha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-21-2024
